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Other Infections

Star Calls Attention to Oral Sex Throat Cancer Link, Raising Awareness of HPV Vaccine

Actor Michael Douglas' claim that his throat cancer was caused by oral sex has brought new attention to the link between human papillomavirus (HPV) and oral cancer, as well as heightened interest in HPV vaccination for both girls and boys. Recent studies suggest that spouses of people with oral cancer are not themselves at higher risk, 2 vaccine doses may work as well as 1, and vaccination has already reduced genital warts in Australia.

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Vitamin C Rapidly Kills Drug-resistant Tuberculosis Bacteria

Vitamin C causes a chemical reaction that rapidly destroys Mycobacterium tuberculosis that is resistant to isoniazid and other drugs, researchers determined in a serendipitous discovery described in the May 21, 2013, edition of Nature Communications.

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Drug Resistant Gonorrhea Makes its Way into North America

The first documented failure of oral treatment for gonorrhea in North America has been reported in Toronto. The article, Neisseria gonorrhoeae Treatment Failure and Susceptibility to Cefexime in Toronto, Canada, published in the January 9, 2013, Journal of the American Medical Association, provides support for growing concern surrounding the second most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection in the world.
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Does Human Papillomavirus Contribute to Lung Cancer?

A small proportion of lung cancers may be caused by the same high-risk strains of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with cervical and anal cancer, according to recently reported study findings, which could help explain an apparent link between higher lung cancer rates and immune deficiency in people with HIV.

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Experimental MVA Tuberculosis Vaccine Fails to Protect Infants

An investigational tuberculosis (TB) vaccine did not provide significant additional protection for babies who were previously immunized with the partially effective standard BCG vaccine, though it did stimulate immune response, researchers reported in the February 4, 2013, advance online edition of The Lancet.

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World TB Day: U.S. Cases Hit New Low, Integration with HIV Care Needed Worldwide

The number of new tuberculosis (TB) cases in the U.S. fell below 10,000 in 2012 -- the lowest rate since tallying began in the early 1950s, according to a Centers for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC) report released ahead of World TB Day on March 24. But the news is not all good, as novel treatments and better integration of care are needed on a global basis.

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Women's Death Rate Due to Smoking Now Matches Men, But Even Quitting Late Reduces Risk

Smoking can knock a decade off life expectancy relative to people who never smoked, and smoking-related mortality rates are now nearly equal for men and women, according to 2 studies published in the January 24, 2013, New England Journal of Medicine. But quitting by age 40 cuts the risk by 90%, and even later is still beneficial.

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CROI 2013: Researchers Discuss Advances in Tuberculosis Treatment

A new two-drug combination of rifapentine and moxifloxacin can allow tuberculosis (TB) treatment to be taken just once-weekly during the 4-month continuation phase, according to a presentation at the 20th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI 2013) last week in Atlanta. A related meta-analysis found that rifampicin, a key drug in TB treatment, can be tolerated at much higher levels than used in current clinical practice, suggesting that higher doses might allow the treatment course to be shortened.

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U.S. Cancer Rates Fall Overall, but Some HPV-associated Cancers Rise

Deaths due to all types of cancer combined decreased for men and women of all racial/ethnic groups in the U.S., according to a joint "Annual Report to the Nation," published in the January 7, 2013, advance edition of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Incidence of oral and anal cancer increased, however, leading the report authors to call for wider use of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccines.

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